Chapter XI of the logistics industry development trend of electronic commerce and logistics
Section
e-commerce trends in the Internet an open network environment, based on browser / server applications ways to achieve the consumer's online shopping , online transactions between enterprises and online electronic payment of a new type of transaction. the essential difference between electronic commerce and traditional commerce, it is the digital network as the basis for commodity, currency and service transactions aimed at reducing the information society, the business center areas, reduce cycle time, reduce costs, improve operational efficiency, improve service quality, to enable enterprises to compete effectively.
positioned for e-commerce logistics and distribution services to customers, according to the characteristics of e-commerce, logistics and distribution system for the implementation of the unified information management and scheduling, in accordance with the requirements of the user orders, work in the logistics base for cargo handling and cargo sent to the consignee with a good way of logistics. This advanced optimization methods on distribution companies to improve circulation service quality, reduce logistics costs, optimize the social stock configuration, thereby enhancing the economic and social significance, distribution and production logistics as an effective organization, represents the main direction of modern marketing, which are quickly development.
one catalytic traditional e-commerce revolution in logistics and distribution system
review the development process, can be said that experienced three revolutions. early stage is to send things to your door. In order to improve operational efficiency, many domestic businesses more extensive to deliver the goods by the buyer hands, this is the first revolution of Commerce. The second logistics revolution is accompanied by the emergence of e-commerce generated, this is a transformative change, not only affect their own logistics and distribution, also affected upstream and downstream of the system, including providers, consumers. third time is the logistics and distribution logistics revolution of information technology and network technology, widely used by the implications of these effects is useful, make logistics more efficient. We call these effects as the third revolution in logistics and distribution.
(a) e-commerce logistics and distribution of traditional impact and influence
1, to the traditional concept of logistics and distribution can be profound revolution has brought the traditional
logistics and distribution companies need to keep a large area of the warehouse, and e-commerce systems networked virtual enterprises scattered in various parts of the warehouse belonging to different owners connected through the network system to become management and deployment of use of services and goods distribution space fixed radius enlarged. such enterprises in the rate of organizational resources, scale, efficiency and the rational allocation of resources are unmatched by traditional logistics and distribution, and the corresponding logistics concept must also be is new.
2, the implementation of logistics and distribution network control instead of the traditional logistics and distribution management program
an advanced use of the system, an enterprise will bring new management methods. the traditional logistics process is composed by a number of business processes, by human factors and time influence. network applications can realize the whole process of real-time monitoring and real-time decision-making. The new logistics business processes by the network connection. When the system any of the nerve terminal receives a demand for information, the system can be in a very short period of time to react, and can develop a detailed delivery plan to inform the link to work. All this work is designed by a computer according to people in advance automatically done good.
3, the duration of logistics and distribution network will greatly shorten the environment, on a higher rate of logistics and distribution requirements
traditional logistics management, the exchange of information limit the time to complete a relatively long distribution process, but this time with the network system will become increasingly involved in short, any distribution of information and resources on the network management will be a few seconds passed in the relevant link.
4, network intervention, the process of simplifying the logistics and distribution logistics and distribution throughout the part of the traditional
very cumbersome, in the new logistics and distribution network center can greatly shorten the process: the network support group technology under In the network environment can be used more thoroughly, logistics and distribution cycle will shorten, the organization will also change; computer systems management can make the logistics and distribution management process simple and easy; network allows users to purchase sales promotion and the transaction process more efficient, lower cost; can improve the competitiveness of logistics and distribution companies; With the popularity of logistics and distribution industry, and development of competition in the industry greatly increased the scope and brutality of information to grasp, effective dissemination of information and its easy to get sex, so get with the traditional methods of time and amount of excess profits will be less and less; network intervention, the potential of people have full play, self-realization as the majority of staff motivation.
In summary, the implementation of information distribution system, the development of information technology, automation, modern logistics and distribution industry is a new development and improvement of an important part of e-commerce services, is imperative.
(ii) E Business E-commerce Logistics Distribution Logistics Distribution
that information and modernization, socialization of logistics and distribution. It is a network of logistics and distribution companies and modern computer technology hardware, software and advanced management tools for social needs, strictly, the word land according to the user's order request, a series of classification, allocation, consolidation, division of labor, distribution and other cargo handling work, timing, location, quantitative limits to the scope of the various users is not to meet their demand for commodities.
can be seen that this new type of logistics and distribution is based on a new look, innovative pioneer in the distribution basin and represents the main direction of modern marketing. new logistics and distribution to the circulation of commodities the more traditional way of logistics and distribution of information easier, automation, modernization, social, intelligence, rationalization, simplification, so that smooth flow of goods, the best use, both to reduce production business inventories, speed up cash flow and improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, but also stimulated the needs of the community, benefit the entire community macro space, but also improve the economic benefits of the whole society, and promote the healthy development of the market economy.
new addition to having the traditional logistics logistics distribution of features, it also has the following basic features:
1, information
logistics through the network so that armed with the information. implementation of information management is a new logistics and distribution of the basic features. This is the realization of modernization and social the premise that.
2, modern logistics and distribution of traditional
although with a considerable degree of modernization, but the requirement is not very strict. than a new logistics distribution under electronic commerce than in terms of level, scope, level such a link has a lot of shortcomings and gaps. is the difference between the level of modernization of new and traditional logistics and distribution logistics and distribution is an important feature.
3, with the modernization of social
as high and low degree of social is also a difference between new and traditional logistics and distribution logistics is an important feature.
many traditional logistics and distribution center is often an enterprise as to the enterprise or the provision of logistics and distribution services system set up, although some were for distribution center social services, but with a new logistics distribution under electronic commerce are compared with the real social, has great limitations.
Second, new features and operation of the logistics distribution center type
(a) of the new logistics Features
distribution center logistics and distribution industry, according to the development of domestic and foreign, in the age of electronic commerce, information technology, modernization, socialization of new distribution center can be summarized as the following features:
1, fast response, logistics and distribution : e-commerce, the new logistics service provider for the upstream and downstream logistics and distribution needs of the reaction faster, shorter lead times, shorter delivery time, logistics and distribution faster and faster, Commodity turnover with increasing frequency.
2, integrated logistics and distribution functions
will focus on new logistics and distribution logistics and supply chain integration in other areas, including: logistics channels and business flow channel integration, logistics channels integration between the logistics function integration, logistics and manufacturing aspects of integration links.
3, series
e-commerce logistics and distribution services, the new emphasis on logistics and distribution logistics and distribution services than the proper positioning and improved serialization, in addition to the traditional storage, transportation, packaging, distribution and processing services, has also extended to the extension of market research and forecasting, purchasing and order processing, logistics and distribution extends down to consulting, logistics and distribution scheme selection and planning, inventory control strategy proposed loan recovery and settlement, education and training and other value-added services; to improve the content of the above services to support decision-making role.
4, logistics and distribution operations under the new standardized
logistics e-commerce emphasis on functional processes, operations, standardization and operational procedures, to make complex operations into simple, easy operation of the promotion and evaluation.
5, logistics and distribution logistics and distribution of new target systematic
overall planning from a system perspective A whole variety of logistics and distribution company activities, handle logistics and distribution activities and the flow of commerce between the activities and corporate objectives, logistics and distribution activities and the relationship between logistics and distribution activities, not for the optimization of a single activity, but to the overall activity optimization.
6, logistics and distribution means a new modern
logistics distribution under electronic commerce using advanced technology, equipment and management services for sales, production, distribution and sale of larger, more wide range of logistics and distribution technology, equipment and management of the more modern.
7, logistics and distribution network
organization of product promotion in order to ensure to provide fast, comprehensive logistics support, the new need for a sound logistics and distribution, improve logistics and distribution network system, network between points on the logistics and distribution activities to maintain systematic, consistent, so you can ensure that the entire logistics and distribution network has the best overall level of inventory and inventory distribution, transportation and distribution fast, flexible, and can spread both Shoulong. monomer dispersed only a network of logistics and distribution to meet the needs of modern production and circulation.
8, logistics and distribution management market
new logistics and distribution business with a specific market mechanism, whether it is logistics and distribution companies own organization, or commissioned by social enterprises to take logistics and distribution logistics tasks are to cargo, container order handling, handling and other operations in accordance with automation standards, distribution of goods in accordance with the best routes.
10, logistics and distribution management of the legal system
macro, there must be sound and regulations, systems and rules; micro , the new logistics and distribution enterprises should act according to law, to act according to Zhang.
(b) The type of distribution center operation is the flow of logistics and distribution sector
link production and consumption, so that the benefits produced time and place the facilities to improve logistics and distribution operational efficiency is the key to reducing distribution costs. logistics and distribution is a complex scientific systems engineering, involving the production, wholesale, e-commerce, distribution and consumers, the overall structure, operation type is also varied. investigated in the traditional logistics operation type, the design of our new distribution center has an important mode of reference.
1, the main distribution center at the different operations, generally there are four types:
(1) the manufacturer as the main This distribution center
goods distribution center is 100% of their production to reduce distribution costs, improve service quality and timely pre-installed for the transportation of groups of components to the required machining and assembly work bit. from commodity manufacturing to post-produced and packaged with bar codes and other aspects are easier to control, in accordance with modern, automated and easy off distribution center designed to compare, but do not have the social requirements.
(2) to wholesaler as the main distribution center
goods from the manufacturer to consumers between the traditional wholesale distribution there is a link called. usually by different departments or product categories to each manufacturer's products together, and then with a single variety or retailers to the distribution of consumption. This distribution center of goods from various manufacturers, it is an important activity carried out to make is to summarize and re-sale of goods, and it's all stockmerchandise stores, supermarkets, department stores, building materials stores, food grain and oil shops, hotels and restaurants and other services. socialization between between the first two.
(4) as the main transport operators in warehouse distribution center that the strongest distribution center is the transport and distribution capabilities, strategic location, such as harbors, rail and road hub, you can quickly reach the cargo distribution to users. It provides warehousing storage spaces to the manufacturer or supplier of goods and distribution center is still are manufacturers or suppliers only provide warehouse management distribution centers and transportation and distribution services. This distribution center tend to have higher degree of modernization.
2, the application of logistics and distribution pattern from the point of view there are three main types:
(1) set of goods-distribution model
models mainly for the procurement of logistics on the home and the formation process of innovation. Its on the home production of interrelated, independent of each other under the house, the home of the distribution center's storage level was greater than under the house, the house is relatively concentrated, and dispersed under the house a considerable demand. Moreover, such distribution centers also stressed its processing capabilities. Such distribution patterns for the marketing of finished or semi-finished goods, such as automotive distribution centers. < br> (2) bulk-distribution model
in this model is the lower house formed to optimize the delivery of logistics. on the family's dependence on the distribution center is less than under the house, and the relative distribution center under the house centralized or shared interests (such as chains). the use of such distribution patterns of distribution companies, the last home competition, demand for the next home to many varieties, small quantities of the main characteristics of raw materials or semi-finished goods for distribution, such as mechanical and electrical products distribution center.
(3) mixed distribution model
This model combines the advantages of the two distribution modes, and the flow of goods to control the whole process, effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional logistics. adopt this species distribution patterns and circulation enterprises, the larger, with a considerable investment in equipment, such as the regional logistics and distribution center. in actual circulation, to take a more diversified, reducing business risk. This mode of operation more in line with the new logistics and distribution requirements (especially the logistics distribution under electronic commerce).
II integration of the global economy of the circulation trends
since the 20th century, 80 years, the development of international circulation, there is a noteworthy trend. This trend is the consolidation trend in circulation. The so-called Integration (Integrate), that is comprehensive, integrated, systematic, integrated and break through the walls mean. Here, the integration of circulation at least four meanings: First, flow of business process integration, there is no added value of eliminating unnecessary intermediate links, and various forms of waste, to improve circulation efficiency and effectiveness; the second is the integration of circulation elements, including logistics, business flow, information flow and technology flow integration; third cross-regional flow of business and organizational integration of business activities to achieve economies of scope and economies of scale and optimize the flow of organizational structure. Fourth, cross-industry, cross-sectoral integration, driven by the demand for final consumption, integration vendors, manufacturers and suppliers of raw materials of various business activities, in order to obtain the largest and most effective value-added effect. integration and optimization of business processes and value added chain, is to promote the circulation intensive management and enhance overall competitiveness of industry, an effective way to .
one integrated core circulation
(a) the integration of the concept described in the international flow of
or logistics, there are four different words: Distribution Distribution, Physical Distribution Logistics, Logistics logistics, Supply Chain Management is the supply chain management. early, some of them rather narrow definition of terms, and quite different meaning. At present, the connotation of these terms have gradually evolved into the largest circulation and the generalized concept of logistics In 1986, American Logistics Association will uniform distribution and logistics is defined as: to meet consumer demand for the purpose of raw materials, WIP, finished goods and related information, from production sites to consumption sites and manage the flow between .1997, Supply Chain Council (SCC) : The supply chain is defined as: supply chain covers suppliers from suppliers to consumers to consumers, from production to delivery of finished goods of various work efforts. comparison shows that modern logistics, integrated logistics and supply chain management the meaning of such concepts are very similar, are the largest circulation to study the object, from raw material supply, manufacturing, wholesale, retail and value-added until the recovery of the entire value chain and business processes. This concept of integration, encourage people to broaden their horizons and thinking, large-systems thinking, and explore how to improve the responsiveness of the entire distribution process and the quality, reliability and customer satisfaction, and reduce operating costs.
(b) the integration of
circulation mode refers to the circulation pattern with meaning of a particular distribution channels and mode of operation, with specific structural characteristics of distribution channels and channel characteristics of the relationship between members .80 years later, the international circulation of many new strategies and models, for example, JustmInmTime real-time management, Quick Response rapid response strategy, Effective Customer Response consumers to respond effectively in circulation mode. These new management strategies and models have a common characteristic, namely, the premise of a large circulation for a broad category of goods to logistics, information flow and expand the business flow and other integrated management.
1986, facing a large number of garment exports from developing countries and low-cost competition, Europe and the United States in order to establish competitive advantage in high-end apparel, Wal-Mart company led by the United States, textiles, apparel and retail industry, rapid response strategy in cooperation QR. QR rapid response strategy is the fastest way, at the right time, right place, right price expectations of consumers to provide appropriate products to meet consumer demand for appropriate . QR rapid response strategy to implement the most direct effect is to make the apparel industry, the supply of commodities cycle, dropped from 125 days to 30 days, the annual cost savings of $ 12,000,000,000.
(c) the organizational structure of the integrated flow of generalized
the circulation, including retail, wholesale, manufacturing, logistics and finance and other industries, through extensive cooperation and mergers, the formation of new alliances or business enterprise group, if the chain of business processes by industry division, there are vertical cooperation and horizontal cooperation two types, from loose to tight, organized a variety of forms. circulation vertical coordination is the value chain suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers a reasonable division of labor, with all advantages and lower transaction costs, improve operational efficiency, create value more effectively. There are long-term cooperation with suppliers to establish relations, production, supply and integration, the dynamic supply network, distributor, and the total distribution and other means. circulation main form of horizontal collaboration include: trade associations, joint procurement of the club, co-marketing agreement, licensing, equity participation in enterprise alliances, joint ventures, mergers and other holding and.
Sweden IKEA is the industrial model of vertical integration. The company carry out the Furniture on suppliers to provide technology, equipment, quality management, material procurement channels and other aspects of support. The company was established more than 10 worldwide warehouse center for storage, transport and logistics, and use global information management system, management retail outlets around the world, suppliers and warehousing center.
(d) the integration of information networks
industrial value-added chain in the circulation between the upstream and downstream companies, mutual information sharing, especially in sharing information about the dynamic changes in final consumption . by promoting the full flow of information, eliminate unnecessary transport of goods, the backlog and out of luck. based on accuracy and precision. refinement of information management and greatly reduce the uncertainty between supply and demand, and WIP, semi and finished goods inventory, reduce working capital occupied, reducing the inventory of possible failure and loss of economic losses. It should be standardized message formats and encoding, the establishment of a shared information network, improvement of information transfer mode improve the information network system among enterprises operating efficiency.
Once information sharing, very considerable economic benefits, will greatly improve the resilience of the entire distribution process and speed.
(e) the integration of resources in circulation
consumer groups according to geographical distribution and economic development, comprehensive planning area retail outlets, warehouses, transportation, distribution centers and roads and other facilities, the total capacity, and manufacturing productivity. application of geographic information systems and global decision support system to carry out planning and layout, system configuration, the regional logistics center and transit point for goods distribution center in front. implementation of the circulation cross-regional and transnational chain operations, a broad sales network and product procurement network to obtain economies of scale and scope of economic benefits . for meat and fresh vegetables, special requirements of construction of the processing, transportation, storage and sale of display such as the integration of frozen fresh chain. In addition, the soft flow of resources to carry out the integration, such as development brokers brands, advanced management mode share and experience.
(f) The Government of the circulation management to establish and improve the integration of
circulation on a large technical and management standards, such as logistics and transport standards, standard containers, goods bar code standards, EDI standards for electronic data interchange format and so on. At the same time, straighten out the relationships and management mechanism, laws and regulations and establish a unified regulations.
In fact, as the global economic integration, the integration of the global distribution and logistics issues have begun to study and gradually overcome obstacles, steady progress.
two main reasons led to consolidation trend in circulation
(a) an opportunity for global economic integration
global economic integration, open up a business perspective, providing new market opportunities, new external resources and new partners, but also demonstrated a wider range of competition and challenges. As a result, integrated distribution process, to obtain the overall competitiveness of new industry, it is extremely necessary and urgent.
(b ) needs change and the role of technology development efforts
modern consumer market personalized, diverse characteristics, fast changes in consumer popularity. This is a higher manufacturing and circulation requirements, including short-distribution cycle, high service quality, low cost, quick response. the rapid development of science and technology, new product innovation. product life cycles continue to shorten the manufacturing process of circulation also require a strong resilience and operational efficiency. One is the demand pull, a science and technology development thrust, forming a circulation of integration efforts.
(c) of the circulation itself the result of competition
order to improve efficiency and effectiveness, circulation need to dig deeper to the economies of scale, economies of scope and cost study . Circulation of the great integration provides a third source of profits, that is, reduce costs, improve efficiency and new ways to increase profits. the traditional sense of the first ways to cut costs is to reduce the variable costs of operating their own, such as attrition, reduced consumption, reduce management expenses. The second way is to reduce fixed costs, such as choosing a good transportation urban fringe shop. now turn to reduce the flow of process operations and logistics costs, while reducing costs, efforts to improve and enhance service level.
(d) of modern information and network technology
strong support the rapid development of information technology, greatly reducing the information search, information storage, information transmission and information analysis of the cost. in circulation, it has already developed the main technologies: POS point of sale management, CAO computer-assisted ordering, EOS e-ordering system, ASN advance shipping notice, EFT electronic funds transfer and so on. In addition, Intranet Intranet, Extranet Internet, LAN and Internet. modern information and network technology , to provide a strong flow of integrated technical support.
trends
the Competitive Section I,
increasing market competition in China's WTO accession China's logistics market, competition has intensified after China joined WTO, .2001, in the Chinese logistics market, not only express, suddenly appeared in the retail sector, such as UPS, FedEx, Wal-Mart, Carrefour and other international giants in the traditional areas of docks and shipping, Maersk, Singapore Port, Hutchison Whampoa heavyweight international business, etc. also speed up the landing distribution, meaning a huge amount in China, the annual growth rate of 30% or more of the logistics market.
named to the logistics business is increasing. According to the data show that the end of last year, China had as many as 70 million as ways to expand the logistics business: First, to enter the Chinese market with their own into a self-serving foreign third-party logistics companies such as Wal-Mart, McDonald; Second, localization strategy, looking for partners in China, or China Logistics transformation of enterprises, for their own services, such as Procter & Gamble, IBM, Nokia, etc.; Third, foreign logistics companies to enter China, the initiative for the foreign-funded enterprises and Chinese enterprises. such as Japan, respectively, in 1992 General Corporation in Dalian, and Shanghai in 1994 set up a logistics company in Shenzhen.
international logistics giants into the Chinese domestic logistics companies fought back, getting the logistics market, the smoke from the battle for multinational logistics enterprises to continue into the Chinese logistics market, and compete in this market in a brewing war. < br> shelf pull the largest the world's largest courier companies mm U.S. UPS, direct China, the Chinese express delivery market to intense competition, postal and courier company for several years a number of grievances with the outbreak.
contrast , PSA is eager to enclosure. PSA is the world's most powerful one of the container terminal management, container throughput of the two previous years has been ranked the world, has long been the heart of the Mainland of China, this wish Guangzhou to Hong Kong who finally realized. Guangzhou to Hong Kong before joining the PSA, the two sides formed a joint venture 800 million yuan in Guangzhou Container Terminal Co., Ltd.. This move one, affecting the logistics industry in the Pearl River Delta. At present the Pearl River Delta logistics major by Hong Kong, Shenzhen transit. Since joining the Singapore giant, this pattern will change soon. In addition to Hong Kong logistics companies in Europe are also the manifestation of overt or covert intention to enter China.
challenges, the domestic logistics enterprises to rise counterattack. moves fast on the door of the enterprise market, relying on the familiar, pay close attention to seize some of the logistics industry, typically represented by Sinopec. Recently, in the petrochemical and oil logistics Changjiang Shipping Group, established a joint venture co-owned and operated petroleum products logistics business. In addition, the domestic logistics enterprises slight forces are waiting for an opportunity to enter the international market, the war to distract from their own, to experience a taste of international competition. This area is represented by the logistics company in Zhuhai, Sichuan September, the company to new ideas provide distribution services for the production, the introduction of the well-known ERP management software, enabled the GPS satellite positioning systems, logistics information and distribution networks in the basic radiation, it is also registered a branch in the United States. Now, the Japanese China > In the competition for the domestic logistics market, it is worth mentioning that the domestic listed companies. these listed companies use in the capital markets to obtain financial advantage, moving into the logistics industry. At present, the Shenzhen and Shanghai listed companies in both the original logistics industry in 26 families, of which there are 9 SSE, the SSE has 17. When the logistics has become the new economic growth point, the part of the listed companies began to turn their attention to the heat flow, an explicit proposal to enter the warehouse mm logistics system and to promote the establishment and development of innovation by actively expanding the concept of logistics transportation business, up to now, both Shenzhen and Shanghai with more than 50 listed companies were involved in the logistics industry. into the listed company from the logistics transportation, such as: Sinotrans Development , the storage shares, Shenzhen Airport, Shanggangjixiang; commerce and trade, such as Hualian Supermarket, friendship groups; manufacturing industries such as: Qingdao Beer, Qingdao Haier, Yanjing beer. from the listed company engaged in logistics activities, the content of view almost cover the storage, transportation / distribution, packaging, processing, agents, information services, logistics of the whole process.
matter came before or after is to, no matter how forces, domestic and foreign logistics enterprises in the logistics market clearly wants to sub- soup, the logistics market, sooner or later the war broke out.
Second, the regional competition waged
addition to enterprises, China's logistics center in the city have joined the ranks of battle, from south to north, are claimed to be an international logistics center.
many parts of the country as the local logistics industry is currently regarded as a pillar industry to the development of the logistics industry have increased on the basis of inputs, construction of logistics bases, logistics centers and introduce relevant policies to encourage local logistics companies development.
many parts of the government is working on research and development of regional logistics development planning and the promotion of policies. Shenzhen, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Qingdao and other coastal areas on the development of the logistics Government attaches great importance has been demonstrated.
development of the logistics industry in Guangdong has been the economic field as one of the four main directions. Shenzhen clear the development of modern logistics industry as one of the three pillar industries in Shenzhen, plans to build eight logistics parks. Guangzhou, Dongguan, Foshan and other cities are also developing logistics planning, a number of logistics infrastructure has started.
completed as originally planned in Shanghai international economic, financial and trade center, then add an international shipping center, the international logistics center, and the introduction of the Logistics Park, the sea, land and air, Hong Kong's port logistics; meet the commercial wholesale and retail distribution logistics industry; relying on information platform for the development of e-commerce logistics. and plans in the distribution center outside the city 3 to 5.
in the development of Tianjin last year to the development of modern logistics as the , respectively, while the construction of six different characteristics of logistics ...
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